40 questions to test your skill on R for Data Science

NSS 24 Jun, 2022 • 15 min read

R is one of the most popular language among the data science community. If you are serious about data science, chances are that you either already know R or are learning it. R also has a thriving ecosystem of various statistics and data science libraries. In order to help our community test themselves on their knowledge of R, we created these skill tests as part of DataFest 2017.

More than 1500 people registered for this skill test and close to 500 people took this test. Below is the distribution of scores from various participants:

You can access the final scores here. Here are a few statistics about the distribution:

Mean Score: 16.69

Median Score: 19

Mode Score: 0

We are releasing the solutions to the skill tests, so that you can evaluate where you went wrong. If you missed the test, you can still look at the Questions and Answers to see where you stand.

Happy Learning!

 

Questions & Answers

Question Context 1

Consider the following function.

f <- function(x) {

      g <- function(y) {

             y + z

      }

      z <- 4

      x + g(x)

}

1)If we execute following commands (written below), what will be the output?

z <- 10

f(4)

A) 12

B) 7

C) 4

D) 16

 

Question context 2

The iris dataset has different species of flowers such as Setosa, Versicolor and Virginica with their sepal length. Now, we want to understand the distribution of sepal length across all the species of flowers. One way to do this is to visualise this relation through the graph shown below.

2) Which function can be used to produce the graph shown above? 

A) xyplot()
B) stripplot()
C) barchart()
D) bwplot()

 

Question Context 3

Alpha125.50
Beta235.61
Beta212.030
Beta211.300
Alpha265.461

File Name – Dataframe.csv

3) Which of the following commands will correctly read the above csv file with 5 rows in a dataframe? 

A) csv(‘Dataframe.csv’)

B) csv(‘Dataframe.csv’,header=TRUE)

C) dataframe(‘Dataframe.csv’)

D) csv2(‘Dataframe.csv’,header=FALSE,sep=’,’)

 

Question Context 4

Excel file format is one of the most common formats used to store datasets. It is important to know how to import an excel file into R. Below is an excel file in which data has been entered in the third sheet.

Alpha125.50
Beta235.61
Beta212.030
Beta211.300
Alpha265.461

File Name – Dataframe.xlsx

4) Which of the following codes will read the above data in the third sheet into a dataframe in R?

A) Openxlsx::read.xlsx(“Dataframe.xlsx”,sheet=3,colNames=FALSE)

B) Xlsx::read.xlsx(“Dataframe.xlsx”,sheetIndex=3,header=FALSE)

C)XLConnect::readWorksheetFromFile(“Dataframe.xlsx”,sheet=3,header=FALSE)

D)All of the above

 

Question Context 5

A10Sam
B20Peter
C30Harry
D!?
E50Mark

File Name – Dataframe.csv

5) Missing values in this csv file has been represented by an exclamation mark (“!”) and a question mark (“?”). Which of the codes below will read the above csv file correctly into R?

A) csv(‘Dataframe.csv’)

B) csv(‘Dataframe.csv’,header=FALSE, sep=’,’,na.strings=c(‘?’))

C) csv2(‘Dataframe.csv’,header=FALSE,sep=’,’,na.strings=c(‘?’,’!’))

D) dataframe(‘Dataframe.csv’)

 

Question Context  6-7

Column 1Column 2Column 3
Row 115.514.1269.5
Row 218.656.2352.4
Row 321.447.0263.21
Row 436.156.6336.12

File Name – Dataframe.csv

6) The above csv file has row names as well as column names. Which of the following code will read the above csv file properly into R?

A) delim(‘Train.csv’,header=T,sep=’,’,row.names=TRUE)

B) csv2(‘Train.csv’,header=TRUE, row.names=TRUE)

C) dataframe(‘Train.csv’,header=TRUE,sep=’,’)

D) csv(‘Train.csv’,,header=TRUE,sep=’,’)

Solution: (D)

row.names argument in options A and B takes only the vector containing the actual row names or a single number giving the column of the table which contains the row names and not a logical value. Option C doesn’t exist. Therefore, option D is the correct solution.

 

 Question Context 6-7

Column 1Column 2Column 3
Row 115.514.1269.5
Row 218.656.2352.4
Row 321.447.0263.21
Row 436.156.6336.12

File Name – Dataframe.csv

7) Which of the following codes will read only the first two rows of the csv file?

A) csv(‘Dataframe.csv’,header=TRUE,row.names=1,sep=’,’,nrows=2

B) csv2(‘Dataframe.csv’,row.names=1,nrows=2)

C) delim2(‘Dataframe.csv’,header=T,row.names=1,sep=’,’,nrows=2)

D) dataframe(‘Dataframe.csv’,header=TRUE,row.names=1,sep=’,’,skip.last=2)

Solution: (A)

Option B will not be able to read the csv file correctly since the default separator in csv2 function is “;” whereas csv files are of type “,”. Option C has wrong header argument value. Option D doesn’t exist. Therefore, Option  A is the correct answer.

Question Context 8

Dataframe1

Feature1Feature2Feature3Feature4
A100025.510
B200035.534
C300045.578
D400055.53
Dataframe2

Feature1Feature2Feature3
E500065.5
F600075.5
G700085.5
H800095.5

8) There are two dataframes stored Dataframe1 and Dataframe2 shown above. Which of the following codes will produce the output shown below?

Feature1Feature2Feature3
A100025.5
B200035.5
C300045.5
D400055.5
E500065.5
F600075.5
G700085.5
H800095.5

A) merge(dataframe[,1:3],dataframe2)

B) merge(dataframe1,dataframe2)[,1:3]

C) merge(dataframe1,dataframe2,all=TRUE)

D) Both 1 and 2

E) All of the above

Solution: (D)

Option C will result in feature 4 being included in the merged dataframe which is what we do not want. Therefore, Option D is the correct solution.

Question Context 9

V1V2
1121.5461
25161351
34516918
4613112
5112.36230
625.231456
712457

dataframe

9) A data set has been read in R and stored in a variable “dataframe”. Which of the below codes will produce a summary (mean, mode, median) of the entire dataset in a single line of code?

A) summary(dataframe)

B) stats(dataframe)

C) summarize(dataframe)

D) summarise(dataframe)

E) None of the above

Solution: (E)

Option A will give only the mean and the median but not the mode. Option B, C and D will also fail to provide the required statistics. Therefore, Option E is the correct solution.

Question Context 10

A dataset has been read in R and stored in a variable “dataframe”. Missing values have been read as NA.

A10Sam
BNAPeter
C30Harry
D40NA
E50Mark

dataframe

10) Which of the following codes will not give the number of missing values in each column?

A) colSums(is.na(dataframe))

B) apply(is.na(dataframe),2,sum)

C) sapply(dataframe,function(x) sum(is.na(x))

D) table(is.na(dataframe))

Solution: (D)

Option D will give the overall count of the missing values but not column wise. Therefore, Option D is the correct solution.

 

Question context 11

One of the important phase in a Data Analytics pipeline is univariate analysis of the features which includes checking for the missing values and the distribution, etc. Below is a dataset and we wish to plot histogram for “Value” variable.

ParameterStateValueDependents
AlphaActive502
BetaActive455
BetaPassive250
AlphaPassive210
AlphaPassive261
BetaActive302
BetaPassive180

dataframed

11) Which of the following commands will help us perform that task ? 

A) hist(dataframed$Value)

B) ggplot2::qplot(dataframed$Value,geom=”Histogram”)

C)ggplot2::ggplot(data=dataframed,aes(dataframe$Value))+geom_histogram()

D) All of the above

Solution: (D)

All of the given options will plot a histogram and that can be used to see the skewness of the desired data.

 

Question Context 12

ParameterStateValueUsage
AlphaActive500
BetaActive451
BetaPassive250
AlphaPassive210
AlphaPassive261
BetaActive301
BetaPassive180

Certain Algorithms like XGBOOST work only with numerical data. In that case, categorical variables present in dataset are first converted to DUMMY variables which represent the presence or absence of a level of a categorical variable in the dataset. For example After creating the Dummy Variable for the feature “Parameter”, the dataset looks like below.

Parameter_AlphaParameter_BetaStateValueUsage
10Active500
01Active451
01Passive250
10Passive210
10Passive261
01Active301
01Passive180

12) Which of the following commands will help us to achieve this?

A) dummies:: dummy.data.frame(dataframe,names=c(‘Parameter’))

B) dataframe$Parameter_Alpha=0

dataframe$Gende_Beta=0

dataframe$Parameter_Alpha[which(dataframe$Parameter==’Alpha’)]=1

dataframe$Parameter_Beta[which(dataframe$Parameter==’Alpha’)]=0

dataframe$Parameter_Alpha[which(dataframe$Parameter==’Beta’]=0

dataframe$Parameter_Beta[which(dataframe$Parameter==’Beta’]=1

C) contrasts(dataframe$Parameter)

D) Both 1 and 2

Solution: (D)

Option C will encode the Parameter column will 2 levels but will not perform one hot encoding. Therefore, option D is the correct solution.

 

Question context 13

Column1Column2Column3Column4Column5Column6
Name1Alpha1224540Alpha
Name2Beta1632511Beta
Name3Alpha52104320Gamma
Name4Beta3672841Delta
Name5Beta4590320Phi
Name6Alpha1224120Zeta
Name7Beta3264641Sigma
Name8Alpha4284540Mu
Name9Alpha56112311Eta

dataframe

13) We wish to calculate the correlation between “Column2” and “Column3” of a “dataframe”. Which of the below codes will achieve the purpose?

A) corr(dataframe$column2,dataframe$column3)

B) (cov(dataframe$column2,dataframe$column3))/(var(dataframe$column2)*sd(dataframe$column3))

C)

(sum(dataframe$Column2*dataframe$Column3)-                 (sum(dataframe$Column2)*sum(dataframe$Column3)/nrow(dataframe)))/(sqrt((sum(dataframe$Column2*dataframe$Column2)-(sum(dataframe$Column2)^3)/nrow(dataframe))*     (sum(dataframe$Column3*dataframe$Column3)-(sum(dataframe$Column3)^2)/nrow(dataframe))))

D) None of the Above

Solution: (D)

In option A, corr is the wrong function name. Actual function name to calculate correlation is cor. In option B, it is the standard deviation which should be the denominator and not variance. Similarly, the formula in Option C is wrong. Therefore, Option D is the correct solution.

 

Question Context 14

ParameterStateValueDependents
AlphaActive502
BetaActive455
BetaPassive250
AlphaPassive210
AlphaPassive261
BetaActive302
BetaPassive180

dataframe

14) The above dataset has been loaded for you in R in a variable named “dataframe” with first row representing the column name. Which of the following code will select only the rows for which parameter is Alpha?

A) subset(dataframe, Parameter=’Alpha’)

B) subset(dataframe, Parameter==’Alpha’)

C) filter(dataframe,Parameter==’Alpha’)

D) Both 2 and 3

E) All of the above

Solution: (D)

In option A, there should be an equality operator instead of the assignment operator. Therefore, option D is the correct solution.

15) Which of the following function is used to view the dataset in spreadsheet like format?

A) disp()

B) View()

C) seq()

D) All of the Above

Solution : (B)

Option B is the only option that will show the dataset in the spreadsheet format. Therefore, option B is the correct solution.

 

Question Context 16

The below dataframe is stored in a variable named data.

AB
1Right
2Wrong
3Wrong
4Right
5Right
6Wrong
7Wrong
8Right

data

16) Suppose B is a categorical variable and we wish to draw a boxplot for every level of the categorical level. Which of the below commands will help us achieve that?

A) boxplot(A,B,data=data)

B) boxplot(A~B,data=data)

C) boxplot(A|B,data=data)

D) None of the above

Solution: (B)

Boxplot function in R requires a formula input to draw different boxplots by levels of a factor variable. Therefore, Option B is the correct solution.

 

17) Which of the following commands will split the plotting window into 4 X 3 windows and where the plots enter the window column wise.

A) par(split=c(4,3))

B) par(mfcol=c(4,3))

C) par(mfrow=c(4,3))

D) par(col=c(4,3))

Solution: (B)

mfcol argument will ensure that the plots enter the plotting window column wise. Therefore, Option B is the correct solution.

 

Question Context 18

A Dataframe “df” has the following data:

Dates

2017-02-28

2017-02-27

2017-02-26

2017-02-25

2017-02-24

2017-02-23

2017-02-22

2017-02-21

After reading above data, we want the following output:

Dates

28 Tuesday Feb 17

27 Monday Feb 17

26 Sunday Feb 17

25 Saturday Feb 17

24 Friday Feb 17

23 Thursday Feb 17

22 Wednesday Feb 17

21 Tuesday Feb 17

 

18) Which of the following commands will produce the desired output?

A) format(df,”%d %A %b %y”)

B) format(df,”%D %A %b %y”)

C) format(df,”%D %a %B %Y”)

D) None of above

Solution: (D)

None of the above options will produce the desired output. Therefore, Option D is the correct solution.

 

19) Which of the following command will help us to rename the second column in a dataframe named “table” from alpha to beta?

A) colnames(table)[2]=’beta’

B) colnames(table)[which(colnames==’alpha’)]=’beta’

C) setnames(table,’alpha’,’beta’)

D) All of the above

Solution: (D)

All of the above options are different methods to rename the column names of a dataframe.Therefore, option D is the correct solution.

 

Question Context: 20

A majority of work in R uses systems internal memory and with large datasets, situations may arise when the R workspace cannot hold all the R objects in memory. So removing the unused objects is one of the solution.

20) Which of the following command will remove an R object / variable named “santa” from the workspace?

A) remove(santa)
B) rm(santa)
C) Both
D) None

Solution : (C)

remove and rm , both can be used to clear the workspace. Therefore, option C is the correct solution.

 

21) “dplyr” is one of the most popular package used in R for manipulating data and it contains 5 core functions to handle data. Which of the following is not one of the core functions of dplyr package?

A) select()

B) filter()

C) arrange()

D) summary()

Solution: (D)

summary is a function in the R base package and not dplyr.

 

Context – Question 22

During Feature Selection using the following dataframe (named table), “Column1” and “Column2” proved to be non-significant. Hence, we would not like to take these two features into our predictive model.

Column1Column2Column3Column4Column5Column6
Name1Alpha1224540Alpha
Name2Beta1632511Beta
Name3Alpha52104320Gamma
Name4Beta3672841Delta
Name5Beta4590320Phi
Name6Alpha1224120Zeta
Name7Beta3264641Sigma
Name8Alpha4284540Mu
Name9Alpha56112311Eta

table

22) Which of the following commands will select all the rows from column 3 to column 6 for the below dataframe named table?

A) dplyr::select(table,Column3:Column6)

B) table[,3:6]

C) subset(table,select=c(‘Column3’,’Column4’,’Column5’,’Column6’))

D) All of the above

Solution: (D)

Option A, B and C are different column sub setting methods in R. Therefore, option D is the correct solution.

 

Context Question 23-24

Column1Column2Column3Column4Column5Column6
Name1Alpha1224540Alpha
Name2Beta1632511Beta
Name3Alpha52104320Gamma
Name4Beta3672841Delta
Name5Beta4590320Phi
Name6Alpha1224120Zeta
Name7Beta3264641Sigma
Name8Alpha4284540Mu
Name9Alpha56112311Eta

table

23) Which of the following commands will select the rows having “Alpha” values in “Column1” and value less than 50 in “Column4”? The dataframe is stored in a variable named table.

A) dplyr::filter(table,Column1==’Alpha’, Column4<50)

B) dplyr::filter(table,Column1==’Alpha’ & Column4<50)

C) Both of the above

D) None of the above

Solution: (C)

  1. filter function in dplyr package uses “,”  and “&” to add the condition. Therefore, Option C is the correct solution.

 

Question Context  23-24

Column1Column2Column3Column4Column5Column6
Name1Alpha1224540Alpha
Name2Beta1632511Beta
Name3Alpha52104320Gamma
Name4Beta3672841Delta
Name5Beta4590320Phi
Name6Alpha1224120Zeta
Name7Beta3264641Sigma
Name8Alpha4284540Mu
Name9Alpha56112311Eta

table

24) Which of the following code will sort the dataframe based on “Column2” in ascending order and “Column3” in descending order?

A) dplyr::arrange(table,desc(Column3),Column2)

B) table[order(-Column3,Column2),]

C) Both of the above

D) None of the above

Solution: (C)

Both order and arrange functions can be used to order the columns in R. Therefore, Option C is the correct solution.

 

25) Dealing with strings is an important part of text analytics and splitting a string is often one of the common task performed while creating tokens, etc. What will be the output of following commands?

A<-paste(“alpha”,”beta”,”gamma”,sep=” ”)

B←paste(“phi”,”theta”,”zeta”,sep=””)

parts←strsplit(c(A,B),split=” ”)

A) alpha

B) beta

C) gamma

D) phi

E) theta

F) zeta

Solution : (B)

c(A.B) would concatenate A=”alpha beta gamma” and B=”phithetazeta” separated by a white space. Upon using strsplit, the two strings will be separated at the white space between A and B into two lists. Parts[[1]][2] tells us to print the second sub element of the first element of the list which is “beta”. Therefore, option B is the correct solution.

 

26) What will be the output of the following command

grepl(“neeraj”,c(“dheeraj”,”Neeraj”,”neeraj”,”is”,”NEERAJ”))

A) [FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE]

B) [FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE]

C) [FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE]

D) None of the above

Solution: (C)

The above command will go for the exact match of the passed argument and therefore Option C is the correct solution.

 

Question Context 27

Sometimes as a Data Scientist working on textual data we come across instances where we find multiple occurrences of a word which is unwanted. Below is one such string.

A<-c("I can use because thrice in a sentence because because is a special word.")

A) gsub(“because”,”since”,A)

B) sub(“because”,”since”,A

C) regexec(“because”,”since”,A)

D) None of the above

Solution: (A)

sub command will replace only the first occurrence in a string whereas regexec will return a list of positions of the match or -1 if no match occurs. Therefore, Option A is the correct solution.

 

28) Imagine a dataframe created through the following code.

Which of the following command will help us remove the duplicate rows based on both the columns?

A) df[!duplicated(df),]

B) unique(df)

C) dplyr::distinct(df)

D) All of the above

Solution: (D)

All the above methods are different ways of removing the duplicate rows based on both the columns. Therefore, Option D is the correct solution.

 

Question Context 29

Grouping is an important activity in Data Analytics and it helps us discover some interesting trends which may not be visible easily in the raw data.

Suppose you have a dataset created by the following lines of code.

table<-data.table(foo=c("A","B","A","A","B","A"),bar=1:6)

29) Which of the following command will help us to calculate the mean bar value grouped by foo variable?

A) aggregate(bar~foo,table,mean)

B) table::df[,mean(bar),by=foo]

C) dplyr::table%>%group_by(foo)%>%summarize(mean=mean(bar))

D) All of the above

Solution: (D)

All the above methods are used to calculate the grouped statistic of a column. Therefore, Option D is the correct solution.

30) If I have two vectors x<- c(1,3, 5) and y<-c(3, 2), what is produced by the expression cbind(x, y)?

A) a matrix with 2 columns and 3 rows

B) a matrix with 3 columns and 2 rows

C) a data frame with 2 columns and 3 rows

D) a data frame with 3 columns and 2 rows

Solution: (D)

All of the above options define messy data and hence Option D is the correct solution.

 

31) Which of the following commands will convert the following dataframe named maverick into the one shown at the bottom?

Input Dataframe – “maverick”

GradeMaleFemale
A1015
B2015
A3035

Output dataframe

GradeSexCount
AMale10
AFemale15
BMale30
BFemale15
AMale30
AFemale35

A) tidyr::Gather(maverick, Sex,Count,-Grade)

B) tidyr::spread(maverick, Sex,Count,-Grade

C) tidyr::collect(maverick, Sex,Count,-Grade)

D) None of the above

Solution: (A)

Spread command converts rows into columns whereas there is no collect command in tidyr or base package.

Therefore, Option A is the correct solution.

 

32) Which of the following command will help us to replace every instance of Delhi with Delhi_NCR in the following character vector?

C<-c(“Delhi is”,”a great city.”,”Delhi is also”,”the capital of India.”)
A) gsub(“Delhi”,”Delhi_NCR”,C)

B) sub(“Delhi”,”Delhi_NCR”,C)

C) Both of the above

D) None of the above

Solution: (C)

Though sub command only replaces the first occurrence of a pattern. In this case, strings have just a single appearance of Delhi. Hence, both gsub and sub command will work in this situation. Therefore, Option C is the correct solution.

Question Context 33

Sometimes creating a feature which represents whether another variable has missing values or not can prove to be very useful for a predictive model.

Below is a dataframe which has missing values in one of its columns.

Feature1Feature2
BNA
C30
D40
E50

33) Which of the following commands will create a column named “missing” with value 1 where variable “Feature2” has missing values?

Feature1Feature2Missing
BNA1
C300
D400
E500

A)

dataframe$missing<-0

dataframe$Missing[is.na(dataframe$Feature2)]<-1

B)

dataframe$missing<-0

dataframe$Missing[which(is.na(dataframe$Feature2))]<-1

C) Both of the above

D) None of the above

Solution: (C)

Option C is the correct answer.

 

34) Suppose there are 2 dataframes “A” and “B”. A has 34 rows and B has 46 rows. What will be the number of rows in the resultant dataframe after running the following command?

merge(A,B,all.x=TRUE)
A) 46

B) 12

C) 34

D) 80

Solution: (C)

all.x forces the merging to take place on the basis of A and hence will contain the same number of rows as of A. Therefore, Option C is the correct solution.

 

Question context 35

The very first thing that a Data Scientist generally does after loading dataset is find out the number of rows and columns the dataset has. In technical terms, it is called knowing the dimensions of the dataset. This is done to get an idea about the scale of data that he is dealing with and subsequently choosing the right techniques and tools.

35) Which of the following command will not help us to view the dimensions of our dataset?

A) dim()

B) str()

C) View()

D) None of the above

Solution: (C)

View command will print the dataset to the console in a spreadsheet like format but will not help us to view the dimensions. Therefore, option C is the correct solution.

 

Question context 36

Sometimes, we face a situation where we have two columns of a dataset and we wish to know which elements of the column are not present in another column. This is easily achieved in R using the setdiff command.

Column1Column2Column3Column4Column5Column6
Name1Alpha1224540Zion
Name2Beta1632511Beta
Name3Alpha52104320Gamma
Name4Beta3672841Delta
Name5Beta4590320Phi
Name6Alpha1224120Zeta
Name7Beta3264641Sigma
Name8Alpha4284540Mu
Name9Alpha56112311Eta

dataframe

36) What will be the output of the following command?

setdiff(dataframe$Column1,dataframe$Column6)==setdiff(dataframe$Column6,dataframe$Column1)
A) TRUE

B)FALSE

C) Can’t Say

Solution: (B)

The order of arguments matter in setdiff function. Therefore, option B is the correct solution.

 

Question Context 37

The below dataset is stored in a variable called “frame”.

AB
alpha100
beta120
gamma80
delta110

 

37) Which of the following commands will create a bar plot for the above dataset. Use the values from Column B to represent the height of the bar plot.

A) ggplot(frame,aes(A,B))+geom_bar(stat=”identity”)

B) ggplot(frame,aes(A,B))+geom_bar(stat=”bin”)

C) ggplot(frame,aes(A,B))+geom_bar()

D) None of the above

Solution: (A)

stat=”identity” will ensure the values in column B become the height of the bar. Therefore, Option A is the correct solution.

 

Question Context 38

Ampgcyldisphpdratwtqsecvsamgearcarb
Mazda RX421.061601103.902.62016.460144
Mazda RX4 Wag21.061601103.902.87517.020144
Datsun 71022.84108933.852.32018.611141
Hornet Drive21.462581103.083.21519.441031
Hornet Sportabout18.783601753.153.44017.020032
Valiant18.162251052.763.46020.221031

38) We wish to create a stacked bar chart for cyl variable with stacking criteria Being vs Variable. Which of the following commands will help us perform this action?

A)qplot(factor(cyl),data=mtcars,geom=”bar”,fill=factor(vs)

B) ggplot(mtcars,aes(factor(cyl),fill=factor(vs)))+geom_bar()

C) All of the above

D) None of the above

Solution: (C)

Both options A and B will create a stacked bar chart guided by the “fill” parameter. Therefore, option C is the correct solution.

 

39) What is the output of the command – paste(1:3,c(“x”,”y”,”z”),sep=””) ?

A) [1 2 3x y z]

B) [1:3x y z]

C) [1x 2y 3z]

D) None of the above

Solution: (C)

 

Question Context 40

R has a rich library reserve for drawing some of the very high end graphs and plots and many a times you want to save the graphs for presenting your findings to someone else. Saving your plots to a PDF file is one such option.

40) If you want to save a plot to a PDF file, which of the following is a correct way of doing that?

A) Construct the plot on the screen device and then copy it to a PDF file with dev.copy2pdf().

B) Construct the plot on the PNG device with png(), then copy it to a PDF with dev.copy2pdf().

C) Open the PostScript device with postscript(), construct the plot, then close the device with dev.off().

D) Open the screen device with quartz(), construct the plot, and then close the device with dev.off().

Solution: (A)

The plots are first created on the screen device and then can be copied easily to a pdf file. Therefore, option A is the correct solution.

 

End Notes

If you are learning R, you should use the test above to check your skills in R. If you have any questions or doubts, feel free to post them below.

Learn, compete, hack and get hired!

NSS 24 Jun 2022

I am a perpetual, quick learner and keen to explore the realm of Data analytics and science. I am deeply excited about the times we live in and the rate at which data is being generated and being transformed as an asset. I am well versed with a few tools for dealing with data and also in the process of learning some other tools and knowledge required to exploit data.

Frequently Asked Questions

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit,

Responses From Readers

Clear

Stephanie
Stephanie 04 May, 2017

OK, this was meant to be a test for R, and not for data science as such, but the latter part should definitely not be neglected in such a blog, What disappointed me were examples like: The bar chart at the beginning just skips the scores between 33 and 40, which were not reached. The histogram example prompts you to do a histogram of 7 values. Statistical literacy is more important than knowing whether "corr" or "cor" is the right syntax - R will give you an error message if you're wrong. As a suggestion: one of your bloggers should do another 40 questions on correct data treatment and visualisation. Not meant as critics - I think the topic will be quite interesting to your readers.

jollyriver
jollyriver 05 May, 2017

In 23), the solution should be C because dplyr's filter also supports '&' for the logic and.

Pankaj Dnyaneshwar Gaikwad
Pankaj Dnyaneshwar Gaikwad 06 Jul, 2017

In question 30. Answer is Matrix with 2 columns and 3 rows. Please update

Ajay Ramaseshan
Ajay Ramaseshan 27 Aug, 2017

Hello I have doubts in Questions 1 , 2, 25 and 30. Could you please explain how Question 1 the result is Option (A) ?In Question2 you have mentioned that there is a figure, but there is no figure. Could you please clarify?In Question 25, the last command is parts <- strsplit(c(A,B),split=" ") . This will produce a list and then we need to get the correct element from the list. In the Explanation for the answer you have mentioned parts[[1]][2] but there is nothing like that in the Question 25 description. Could you please check?And in Question 30, I tried the code in Question on R in my computer. and got option (A) a matrix with 3 rows and 2 columns. Could you please clarify?

  • [tta_listen_btn class="listen"]