Top 20 Python libraries for data science Aspirant Must know! (and their Resources)

Ram Dewani Last Updated : 20 Aug, 2024
8 min read

Overview

  • Know which are the top 13 data science libraries in python
  • Find suitable resources to learn about these python libraries for data science
  • By no means is this list exhaustive. Feel free to add more in the comments.

Introduction

Python has rapidly become the go-to language in the data science space and is among the first things recruiters search for in a data scientist’s skill set, there’s no doubt about it. It has consistently ranked top in global data science surveys and its widespread popularity only keeps on increasing!

python libraries for data science

But what makes Python so special for data scientists?

Just like our human body consists of multiple organs for multiple tasks and a heart to keep them running, similarly, the core Python provides us with the easy easy-to-code, object-oriented, high-level language (the heart). We have different python libraries for data science for each type of job like Math, Data Mining, Data Exploration, and visualization(the organs).

Also, in this article you will get to know about python data science libraries that will help you to clear the interviews and these python data science libraries list help you to clear your doubts and help you to achieve your goals.

It is of utmost importance that we master each and every library, these are the core libraries and these won’t be changed overnight. The AI and ML BlackBelt+ program help you master these 20 libraries along with many more.

That’s not all, you’ll get personalized mentorship sessions in which your expert mentor will customize the learning path according to your career needs.

Let us learn about the Top 20 Python libraries for data science that you must master!

Top 20 Python libraries for data science

NumPy

data science libraries - numpy

This library is one of the most essential Python Libraries for scientific computing and it is used heavily for the applications of Machine Learning and Deep Learning. NumPy stands for NUMerical PYthon. Machine learning algorithms are computationally complex and require multidimensional array operations. NumPy provides support for large multidimensional array objects and various tools to work with them.

Various other libraries which we are going to discuss further like Pandas, Matplotlib and Scikit-learn are built on top of this amazing library! I have just the right resource for you to get started with NumPy –

SciPy

data science libraries - Scipy

SciPy (Scientific Python) is the go-to library when it comes to scientific computing used heavily in the fields of mathematics, science, and engineering. It is equivalent to using Matlab which is a paid tool.

SciPy as the Documentation says is – “provides many user-friendly and efficient numerical routines such as routines for numerical integration and optimization.” It relies on the NumPy library.

BeautifulSoup

web scraping tools beautiful soup

BeautifulSoup is an amazing parsing library in Python that enables web scraping from HTML and XML documents.

It automatically detects encodings and gracefully handles HTML documents even with special characters. We can navigate a parsed document and find what we need which makes it quick and painless to extract the data from the webpages. In this article, we will learn how to build web scrapers using Beautiful Soup in detail.

Scrapy

web scraping tools scrapy

Scrapy is a Python framework for large scale web scraping. It gives you all the tools you need to efficiently extract data from websites, process them as you want, and store them in your preferred structure and format.

You can learn all about Web scraping and data mining in this article –

Pandas

data science libraries - pandas

From Data Exploration to visualization to analysis – Pandas is the almighty library you must master!

Pandas is an open-source package. It helps you to perform data analysis and data manipulation in Python language. Additionally, it provides us with fast and flexible data structures that make it easy to work with Relational and structured data.

If you are new to Pandas, you should definitely check out this free course –

Matplotlib

matplotlib

Matplotlib is the most popular library for exploration and data visualization in the Python ecosystem. Every other library builds upon this foundation.

Matplotlib offers endless charts and customizations from histograms to scatterplots, matplotlib lays down an array of colors, themes, palettes, and other options to customize and personalize our plots. matplotlib is useful whether you’re performing data exploration for a machine learning project or building a report for stakeholders, it is surely the handiest library!

If you’re new to this, I have some resources that will help you get started.

Plotly

data science libraries - plotly

Plotly is a free and open-source data visualization library. I personally love this library because of its high quality, publication-ready and interactive charts. Boxplot, heatmaps, bubble charts are a few examples of the types of available charts.

It is one of the finest data visualization tools available built on top of visualization library D3.js, HTML, and CSS. It is created using Python and the Django framework. So if you are looking to explore data or simply wanting to impress your stakeholders, plotly is the way to go!

Here’s a great hands-on resource to get started –

Seaborn

seaborn

Seaborn is a free and open-source data visualization library based on Matplotlib. Many data scientists prefer seaborn over matplotlib due to its high-level interface for drawing attractive and informative statistical graphics.

Seaborn provides easy functions that help you focus on the plot and now how to draw it. Seaborn is an essential library you must master. Here’s a great resource to checkout –

Scikit Learn

Scikits Learn

Sklearn is the Swiss Army Knife of data science libraries. It is an indispensable tool in your data science armory that will carve a path through seemingly unassailable hurdles. In simple words, it is used for making machine learning models.

Scikit-learn is probably the most useful library for machine learning in Python. The sklearn library contains a lot of efficient tools for machine learning and statistical modeling including classification, regression, clustering, and dimensionality reduction.

Sklearn is a compulsory Python library you need to master. Analytics Vidhya offers a free course on it. You can check out the resources here –

PyCaret

PYCARET

Tired of writing endless lines of code to build your machine learning model? PyCaret is the way to go!

PyCaret is an open-source, machine learning library in Python that helps you from data preparation to model deployment. It helps you save tons of time by being a low-code library.

It is an easy to use machine learning library that will help you perform end-to-end machine learning experiments, whether that’s imputing missing values, encoding categorical data, feature engineering, hyperparameter tuning, or building ensemble models. Here’s an excellent resource for you to learn PyCaret from scratch –

TensorFlow

Tensorflow

Over the years, TensorFlow, developed by the Google Brain team has gained traction and become the cutting edge library when it comes to machine learning and deep learning. TensorFlow had its first public release back in 2015. At the time, the evolving deep learning landscape for developers & researchers was occupied by Caffe and Theano. In a short time, TensorFlow emerged as the most popular library for deep learning.

TensorFlow is an end-to-end machine learning library that includes tools, libraries, and resources for the research community to push the state of the art in deep learning and developers in the industry to build ML & DL powered applications.

To be a future-ready data scientist here are a few resources to learn TensorFlow –

Keras

Keras is a deep learning API written in Python, which runs on top of the machine learning platform TensorFlow. It focused on enabling fast experimentation during its development. According to Keras – “Being able to go from idea to result as fast as possible is key to doing good research.

Many prefer Keras over TensorFlow because of its much better “user experience”. Python developers find it easier to understand since it was developed in Python. It is simple to use and yet a very powerful library.

Some resources to refer to –

PyTorch

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Many data science enthusiasts hail Pytorch as the best deep learning framework (that’s a debate for later on). It has helped accelerate the research that goes into deep learning models by making them computationally faster and less expensive.

PyTorch is a Python-based library that provides maximum flexibility and speed. Some of the features of Pytorch are as follows –

  • Production Ready
  • Distributed Training
  • Robust Ecosystem
  • Cloud support

Excited? You can learn more about PyTorch here –

XGBoost

xgboost

A powerful library for gradient boosting, XGBoost excels in structured/tabular data tasks and is known for its performance in Kaggle competitions.

LightGBM

LightGBm

A gradient boosting framework that uses tree-based learning algorithms. It’s designed for distributed and efficient training, often used for large datasets

CatBoost

Catboost

Another gradient boosting library, CatBoost handles categorical features automatically and provides excellent performance with minimal data preprocessing

NLTK

NLTK

The Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) provides tools for text processing and linguistic analysis, including tokenization, stemming, and part-of-speech tagging.

spaCy

spacy nlp

A modern library for natural language processing, spaCy offers efficient tokenization, named entity recognition, and dependency parsing.

Gensim

gensim

Specialized in topic modeling and document similarity, Gensim offers tools for unsupervised learning, including Word2Vec and LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation).

Dask

dask

Provides advanced parallel computing capabilities for larger-than-memory datasets, enabling scalable data processing and analysis with a familiar API.

End Notes

Python is a powerful yet simple language for all of your machine learning tasks.

In this article, we discussed top 20 Python libraries for data science cover a wide range of needs in data science. From math and data mining to exploration, visualization, and machine learning, they provide essential tools like NumPy, Pandas, and Scikit Learn. These libraries cover you whether you’re manipulating data, visualizing it, or building machine learning models.

From a data science perspective, you get to master all of these libraries and many more as part of Analytics Vidhya’s AI and ML Blackbelt+ program. You’ll receive a personalized mentorship session where we’ll customize your learning path according to your career needs.

Do you have any other favorite library that we should know of? Let me know in the comments!

Product Growth Analyst at Analytics Vidhya. I'm always curious to deep dive into data, process it, polish it so as to create value. My interest lies in the field of marketing analytics.

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