Unique Data Visualization Techniques To Make Your Plots Stand Out

Andrews Curve is a useful plot for visualizing patterns in multidimensional data. The concept Andrews Curves was developed by statistician David F. Andrews in 1972. Andrews Curves are created by defining a finite Fourier Series which is an equation of sine curves. This allows us to visualize the difference in data. The equation is given by:

where x refers to each of the dimensions in the data and the value of t ranges from -π to π. Learn more about Andrews Curves in Python Here and Wikipedia.

Let’s create the Andrews Curves in Python using Pandas.

Importing the Libraries

import pandas as pd

Importing the Data

df = pd.read_csv("iris.csv")

The dataset has been downloaded from Kaggle.

Plotting the Andrews Curves

plt.figure(figsize=(12,6))
pd.plotting.andrews_curves(df, 'Species', colormap='YlOrRd')

Here, we passed our dataframe df into the .andrews_curves() method of pandas.plotting. We also passed our categorical variable and the colormap for the Andrews Curves.

Putting it All Together

Python Code:

On executing this, we get:

Source – Personal Computer

Raincloud Plot is a unique Data Visualization technique introduced in 2019. It is a robust visualization technique that combines a violin plot, a box plot and a scatter plot. Thus, one can see a detailed view of raw data in the single plot. This plotting style makes the Raincloud Plot better than any of the charts it is made of alone. Learn more about Raincloud Plots here.

To create a Raincloud plot in Python, we will use a library called ptitprince. A raincloud is made of: 1) “Cloud”, kernel density estimate, the half of a violinplot.
2) “Rain”, a stripplot below the cloud
3) “Umbrella”, a boxplot
4) “Thunder”, a pointplot connecting the mean of the different categories (if pointplot is True)

Let’s see how to create a Raincloud Plot in Python.

Installing the Libraries

pip install ptitprince

Importing the Libraries

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import ptitprince

Importing the Data

df = pd.read_csv("iris.csv")

The dataset has been downloaded from Kaggle.

Plotting the Raincloud Plot

plt.figure(figsize = (12,8))
ptitprince.RainCloud(data = df, x = 'Species', y = 'Sepal.Length', orient = 'h')

Here, we used the .RainCloud() method and passed the data, x and y attributes into it. Along with it, we also specified the orientation of our palette. Here ‘h’ means horizontal palette.

Putting it All Together

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import ptitprince
df = pd.read_csv("iris.csv")
plt.figure(figsize = (12,8))
ptitprince.RainCloud(data = df, x = 'Species', y = 'Sepal.Length', orient = 'h')
plt.show()

On executing this, we get:

 

Source – Personal Computer

Calendar Heatmap is a unique visualization technique to visualize the time series data. It creates a horizontal pallet of squares, each resembling a day of a year. One must have seen a similar palette in their GitHub profile for all the commits for a year. Since it’s a heatmap, each square has colors of different densities based on the values or weights for that day.

In Python, we can create a Calendar Heatmap using a library called calmap. Let’s build a Calendar Heatmap.

Installing the Libraries

pip install calmap

Importing the Libraries

import matplotlib as mpl
import calmap

Importing the Data

df = pd.read_csv("currency.csv")

Here, we imported the data downloaded from Kaggle.

Getting Data Ready for Plot

df['Time'] = pd.to_datetime(df['Time'])
df.set_index('Time', inplace = True)

Here, we converted our Time column to DateTime type. Next, we set the Time column as Index using the .set_index() method which will help plot the Calendar Plot.

Plotting Calendar Plot

calmap.calendarplot(df['2017']['GEMS_GEMS_SPENT'], cmap = 'OrRd', fig_kws={'figsize': (16,12)}, yearlabel_kws={'color':'black'})

Here, we used the .calendarplot() method of calmap. In the calenderplot(), we specified the arguments as dataframe for the year 2017 for column ‘GEMS_GEMS_SPENT‘, cmap as ‘OrRd’, figure keyword arguments fig_kws for specifying the figure size, and yearlabel keyword argument yearlabel_kws to specify the colour of the year label at the left side.

Putting it All Together

import matplotlib as mpl
import calmap
df = pd.read_csv("currency.csv")
df['Time'] = pd.to_datetime(df['Time'])
df.set_index('Time', inplace = True)
calmap.calendarplot(df['2017']['GEMS_GEMS_SPENT'], cmap = 'OrRd', fig_kws={'figsize': (16,12)}, yearlabel_kws={'color':'black'})
plt.show()

On executing this, we get:

Source  – Personal Computer

In this article, we learned and implemented three unique visualization techniques to take our data visualization game to a next level. Unique visualization techniques are eye-catchy and gain attention from the viewers. Learning new techniques also helps in developing our skillset. One can try playing with arguments of the methods discussed above to build more robust and beautiful plots. With time, a lot of new visualization techniques are being developed, one should keep trying to learn them to create more accurate plots based on the data.

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